Bleeds | Adaptive postures and position of comfort | ||
Position of comfort | Habitual posture | Potential problems | |
Kneea | Flexion | Walking on flexed knee, with hip flexed and/or ankle plantarflexed to compensate | Pain in patellofemoral joint; stress on ankle; overuse of hamstrings; weak quadriceps |
Elbowa | Flexion | Loss of elbow extension, arm may be carried with shoulder extended | Eventual difficulty with forward elevation of the arm |
Anklea | Plantarflexion | Walking on toes, with knee and/or hip flexed to compensate | Ankle in unstable position, with small area of weight-bearing on talus and sole of foot; overuse of calf muscles; pressure on knee |
Hip (unusual site)a | Flexion, external rotation | Hip flexed, increased lumbar lordosis, compensatory knee flexion | Incomplete hip extension during gait; compensation with increased rotation of pelvis or spine |
Shouldera | Adduction, internal rotation | Arm held close to body | Difficulty with activities related to daily living and self-care |
Wrist and fingersa | Flexion | Wrist flexed, hand closed | Difficulty extending wrist and fingers; inefficient grip |
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Toesa | Extension (dorsiflexion) | Extension (dorsiflexion) | Difficulty wearing shoes |
Hip flexor (iliopsoas)b | Hip flexion, some external rotation and increased lumbar lordosis | Hip flexed, extreme lordosis, walking on toes | Back pain; incomplete hip extension; stress on knee and ankle |