Percentage responding “yes”

Males

Females

χ²

Victimization

My current dating partner has monitored or controlled me via social media or technology^a

28.7

18.5

6.69**

- by cell phone

21.9

16.4

2.34

- by text messaging

19.4

16.4

0.73

- by instant messaging

17.3

12.1

2.56

- by social networking

20.3

9.1

11.72**

My current dating partner has displayed emotional or verbal aggression towards me via social media or technology^a

25.3

19.4

2.36

- by cell phone

15.6

16.8

0.12

- by text messaging

20.7

15.5

2.10

- by instant messaging

11.8

11.2

0.04

- by social networking

14.8

6.9

7.49**

Perpetration

I have monitored or controlled my current dating partner via social media or technology^a

28.3

24.1

1.03

- by cell phone

20.7

22.8

0.32

- by text messaging

18.6

17.2

0.14

- by instant messaging

16.5

13.8

0.65

- by social networking

19.8

15.5

1.50

I have displayed emotional or verbal aggression towards my current partner via social media or technology^a

24.5

20.7

0.96

- by cell phone

18.1

19.4

0.12

- by text messaging

15.6

16.4

0.05

- by instant messaging

12.7

9.9

0.88

- by social networking

11.4

6.0

4.22*