Variable

Unit

Baseline

Year 2

p-value

Mean BMI

Kg/m2 (±SD)

30.3 (±5.5)

31.4 (±6.9)

NS

Obese (BMI ≥ 30)

%

50.5 (57.9% of females)

56.2 (59.8% of females)

NS

Mean BP

mmHg (±SD)

132/79 (±20/11)

130/78 (±16/11)

NS

≥140/90

%

44.8

34

<0.05ᵃ

HbA1c

% (±SD)

8.5 (±2.4)

8.4 (±1.9)

NS

<7

30

21.5

7 - 9

30.5

51

>9

39.5

27.5

Mean LDL-C

mg/dL (±SD)

116 (±39)

104 (±35)

<0.001ᵃ

>130

33.6

26

100 - 130

%

30.9

26.5

<100

35.5

47.5

Mean HDL-C

mg/dL (±SD)

46.4 (±15)

42.5 (±12)

0.043ᵃ

>39

% men

55.6

35.4

>50

% women

47.7

30.3

Mean TG

mg/dL (±SD)

2.2 (±1.8)

1.9 (±1.5)

NS

<150

%

42.3

52

Mean CRP

mg/L (±SD)

-

7.9 (±10.0)

-

Mean creatinine

mg/dl (±SD)

0.9 (±0.4)

0.8 (±0.03)

NS

Microvascular Complications

Mean albuminuria

mg/g Cr (±SD)

158.2 (± 366)

142.3 (±339.7)

NS

Microalbuminuria

%

46.3

45.2

NS

30 - 299 mg/g Cr

30

34

-

≥300 mg/g Cr

12

11.2

-

Retinopathy

%

31.1

42.6

<0.05ᵃ

NPDR

23.6

29.3

-

PDR

7.5

13.3

-

Neuropathy

%

39.9

38.7

NS

Macrovascular Complications

CAD

%

19.3

24.7

NS

PVD

%

18.3

14.0

NS

CVA

%

4.1

6.7

NS

Medication use

Hypolipidemic RX

%

39.1

54.1

0.002ᵃ

Statin RX

%

31.7

49

0.001ᵃ

ACE or ARB use

%

46.8

59

0.012ᵃ