Pesticide

Type

Half-life in the soil^a

Effect on soil microorganisms

Source

Glyphosate

Herbicide

>35 days

Stimulate soil microbial activity measured by C and N mineralization. Do not affect soil microbial biomass

[42]

Reduce microbial biomass at higher concentration (3.84 L∙ha⁻¹) Temporary inhibitory effect recommended field doses or higher

[43]

Atrazine

Herbicide

60 to 100 days

Decrease dehydrogenase activity

[44]

Paraquat

Herbicide

16 months to 13 years

Decrease dehydrogenase activity

[44]

Captan

Fungicide

10 days

Inhibits denitrifying bacterial activity

[45]

Cypermethrin

Insecticide

2 to 8 weeks

At the rates 10 - 80 μg∙g⁻¹ soil no significant effect on soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, urease, acid-phosphatase, and dehydrogenase)

[46]

Slightly toxic short-term effect on soil biomass, respiration and FDHA activity at the recommended dose

[47]

Acetamiprid

Insecticide

16 days

Strong negative effect on soil respiration and phosphatase activity

[39]