Group

Trial 2 (2014)

Trial 3 (2015)

Pre-treatment

Post-treatment

Pre-treatment

Post-treatment

Control

0.00 ± 0.00^a,y

4.30 ± 0.30^a,x

0.00 ± 0.00^a,y

4.24 ± 0.24^a,x

OA + Probiotic

0.00 ± 0.00^a,y

0.00 ± 0.00^b,y

0.00 ± 0.00^a,y

0.00 ± 0.00^b,y