Land Use

MC (%)

BD (g/cm³)

SOC (%)

Total N(g/kg)

Av. P (mg/kg)

pH (KCl)

Smallholder Farmlands

4.97 ± 0.35_a,_b

1.09 ± 0.02_b

4.07 ± 0.29_a

2.33 ± 0.17_b

19.70 ± 1.94_b

4.87 ± 0.13

Grazing land

7.07 ± 0.49_a

0.98 ± 0.04

5.52 ± 0.37_a

3.01 ± 0.32

17.38 ± 1.00_b

5.25 ± 0.21

Forest

7.34 ± 0.44_b

0.95 ± 0.04_b

6.03 ± 0.81_a

3.49 ± 0.24_b

15.52 ± 1.87_b

5.12 ± 0.15

Mean ± SE

6.46 ± 0.33

1.01 ± .02

5.21 ± 0.26

487.35 ± 34.77

16.87 ± 1.07

4.61 ± 0.09

Soil Deterioration Indices

Farmlands (from forest)

32.29

−14.74

32.50

33.24

−45.71

−2.18

Farmlands (from Grazing land)

29.70

−11.22

24.27

22.59

−13.35

−2.63