| Category | Remediation technologies |
| Isolation | Capping |
| Subsurface barriers | |
| Immobilization | Solidification/stabilization |
| Vitrification | |
| Chemical treatment | |
| Toxicity and/or mobility reduction | Chemical treatment |
| permeable treatment walls | |
| biological treatment bioaccumulation, phytoremediation, bioleaching, biochemical processes | |
| Physical separation | |
| Extraction | Soil washing |
| in situ soil flushing | |
| Pyrometallurgical extraction | |
| Electrokinetic treatment |