Treatment

Genes of cytokines expressed; secreted cytokines detected

Types of cells examined

Models of in vitro study

mRNA or proteins found

Expected biomedical consequences

Reference

Cyclic mechanical stretching

Interleukin IL-1β over production―17 times of control

Tenocytes of Achille tendon

Rabbit

 of collagenase-1 and stormelysin-1 genes

Over degradation of collagen I; inflammation

[154]

IL-1β added to cell culture

NIL

Tenocytes

Human

mRNA of COX-1, MMP-1, MMP-3 expressed; prostaglandin PGE₂ secreted

Over degradation of collagen I; inflammation

[155]

Torn edges of supraspinatus tendon

Genes expressed: IL-18, IL-15, IL-16, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)

Tenocytes of supraspinatus tendon

Human

Proteins of IL-18, IL-15, IL-6, MIF, TNF-α, caspases 3 and 8 detected

Apoptosis of tenocytes via the caspase pathway

[26] [156]