[49]

Numerical inverse analysis

A shift from temporary to permanent support system, over-excavation (design depth increment), stress–strain behavior

Construction method

[50]

Divided-pit construction (FEM implemented)

Irregular excavation geometry and depth, displacement of adjacent conserved buildings (relative location from the pit), effects of buildings on excavation process (pit deformation due to buildings)

[51] [52]

Zoned and staged construction, Channel-type top-down method of excavation

Construction cost and schedule, excavation support deformation, hauling distance, safe operation of adjacent railway (allowable displacement of the rail tracks)

[53]

Dividing alternate excavation method (strip excavation plus several dividing walls)

Time-space effect and stiffness of tunnel, tunnel deformation, construction period

[54]

Case histories from bottom-up construction technique

Foundation pit deformation, quick excavation, promptly propping, timely casting of floor slabs, segmented construction, excavation stage

[55]

Top-down technique and inverse numerical analysis

Displacements of existing buildings, retaining wall deformations, hydraulic uplift failure mechanisms, wall installation effect

[56]

Both top-down and bottom-up construction method with bipartition walls

Oversized excavation, time-space-effect on both deflection of diaphragm wall and deformation of partition walls

[57]

Zoned excavation and instrumented observation

Wall deflection, ground settlement, corner effect, construction sequence, performance of adjacent metro line

[58]

Bottom-up construction method with zoned construction

Lateral wall displacement, adjacent utility tunnel movement, stage and sequence of construction, construction schedule, groundwater dewatering, basal ground treatment

Interaction with the surrounding environment

[59]

Numerical

Excavation zone of influence, building settlement

[60]

Numerical

Frame action with inclusion of building stiffness, limiting tensile strain

[61]

Numerical

Stages of construction, deformation of excavation, strains of adjacent buildings

[62]

Analytical

Excavation induced axial pile deformation, vertical soil displacement, load transfer mechanism

[63]

Analytical

Tunnel deformation

[41] [64] [65] [66]

Numerical

Effect of depth of excavation, supporting system stiffness, pile dimensions, pile head condition, working load, soil properties, location from excavation

[67]

Numerical

Isolation piles and jet-grouted piles, displacement of retaining wall

[68]

Numerical

Building deformations and settlement due to excavation, distance to excavation, type of building’s foundation

[69]

Numerical

3D structural distortion based on soil-structure interaction, damage due to differential displacement