Descriptors

2008

First introduction of AfL into ML primary school syllabus

2011

First introduction of AfL into ML secondary school syllabus

2015

Realigning AfL in revamped ML primary school syllabus

Comparing AfL and formative assessment

AfL is a type of formative assessment

AfL is formative in nature

AfL is equivalent to formative assessment

Purpose of AfL

To supervise the progress of students in a continuous and interactive manner

To ensure students can master learning objectives

To supervise the progress of students in a continuous and interactive manner

Principles of AfL/Actions of teachers in line with AfL

Six principles mentioned

e.g. Give attention to the way students learn

Be sensitive and encouraging

Take note of students’ motivation

Principles not mentioned explicitly but described through actions to be taken by teacher to integrate AfL

e.g. Explain and share learning objectives and expectations with students

Principles not mentioned explicitly but described through abilities that teachers need to practise AfL in classrooms

e.g. Know students profile and reasons why students make mistakes to be able to make decisions on the next action to be taken*