Descriptors | 2008 First introduction of AfL into ML primary school syllabus | 2011 First introduction of AfL into ML secondary school syllabus | 2015 Realigning AfL in revamped ML primary school syllabus |
Comparing AfL and formative assessment | AfL is a type of formative assessment | AfL is formative in nature | AfL is equivalent to formative assessment |
Purpose of AfL | To supervise the progress of students in a continuous and interactive manner | To ensure students can master learning objectives | To supervise the progress of students in a continuous and interactive manner |
Principles of AfL/Actions of teachers in line with AfL | Six principles mentioned e.g. Give attention to the way students learn Be sensitive and encouraging Take note of students’ motivation | Principles not mentioned explicitly but described through actions to be taken by teacher to integrate AfL e.g. Explain and share learning objectives and expectations with students | Principles not mentioned explicitly but described through abilities that teachers need to practise AfL in classrooms e.g. Know students profile and reasons why students make mistakes to be able to make decisions on the next action to be taken* |