| University | Finding | Reference |
| Northern Border University | Metacognitive is the most used CQ in language learning, followed by compensation, cognitive, affective, social, and memory strategies. | |
| Universities in Riyadh | Metacognitive CQ strategy is the most used by EFL students, while affective and memory strategies are the least common. | |
| Tabuk University as a case study | There are high levels of behavioral CQ followed by cognitive and emotional engagement in EFL courses. | |
| King Abdulaziz University (KAU) | The level of student understanding is high when delivered by Native English-speaking lecturers. | |
| Northern Border University (Arar) | IT and Pharmacy students have higher intercultural skills than science and Arts students in EFL online learning. | |
| Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University | Students believe that culture and language are related and influence English language vocabulary and syntactic structure learning. | |
| King Khalid University | Students have high emotional CQ, which is significantly associated with their English achievement level. | |
| KAU and Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University | Students show greater interest in learning the English language and embrace a multicultural approach to learning. | |
| Saudi EFL Students in various universities | Metacognitive and cognitive strategies are the frequently used CQs, and effective is the least used. | |
| EFL teachers in Saudi public universities | Cultural awareness is of significance to the effectiveness of EFL teachers, with behavioral, cognitive, and metacognitive CQs commonly applied in teaching. | |
| Saudi Students in American universities | Cultural diversity awareness is one fact that contributes to healthier adjustment and greater successful acquisition of a second language among Saudi students. | |
| EFL teachers at an academic institution in Saudi Arabia | Leaning-oriented cultural assessment of EFL teachers in higher education is poorly adopted and executed in second-language settings | |
| Saudi EFL undergraduate students | The cultural component is lacking in most language teaching and less satisfactory for English major students. | |
| Saudi University EFL Students | EQ positively impacts the motivational teaching and learning practices of Saudi EFL students. | |