initial	late
Relative income
children < parents	children = parents	children > parents	flow	Increased trade openness
children < parents	children = parents	children > parents	flow	steady	move
High degree of trade openness	23.05	33.43	33.43	－	－
Low degree of trade openness	11.6	20.7	32.3	16.18	83.82
children = parents	children < parents	children > parents	flow	Increased trade openness
children = parents	children < parents	children > parents	flow	steady	steady
High degree of trade openness	28.78	17.01	45.79	－	－
Low degree of trade openness	39.4	2.45	41.85	20.7	79.3
children > parents	children < parents	children = parents	flow	Increased trade openness
children > parents	children < parents	children = parents	flow	steady	flow
High degree of trade openness	21.9	21.25	43.15	－	－
Low degree of trade openness	32.73	25.67	58.4	21.04	78.96