Effect | dependent variable
independent variable | Contract control (significant) | Intellectual property investment risk (significant) | Knowledge leakage risk (significant) | Theft risk of intellectual property rights (significant) | Personnel turnover risk (significant) |
Standardized direct effect | Basic generic technology capability | 0.234 (0.000) | −0.320 (0.000) | −0.181 (0.002) | −0.259 (0.000) | −0.215 (0.000) |
Applied generic skills | 0.383 (0.000) | −0.231 (0.000) | −0.141 (0.017) | −0.253 (0.000) | −0.311 (0.001) | |
Product development and manufacturing capabilities | 0.284 (0.001) | −0.126 (0.042) | −0.201 (0.001) | −0.280 (0.000) | −0.231 (0.000) | |
Contract control |
| −0.220 (0.004) | −0.428 (0.001) | −0.203 (0.010) | −0.153 (0.046) | |
Standardized indirect effect | Basic generic technology capability |
| −0.052 (0.002) | −0.100 (0.000) | −0.048 (0.005) | −0.036 (0.029) |
Applied generic skills |
| −0.084 (0.002) | −0.164 (0.000) | −0.078 (0.007) | −0.058 (0.036) | |
Product development and manufacturing capabilities |
| −0.063 (0.003) | −0.122 (0.000) | −0.058 (0.007) | −0.043 (0.037) | |
Contract control |
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Total effect of standardization | Basic generic technology capability | 0.234 (0.000) | −0.371 (0.000) | −0.281 (0.000) | −0.306 (0.000) | −0.251 (0.000) |
Applied generic skills | 0.383 (0.000) | −0.316 (0.000) | −0.305 (0.001) | −0.331 (0.000) | −0.369 (0.001) | |
Product development and manufacturing capabilities | 0.284 (0.001) | −0.189 (0.002) | −0.322 (0.000) | −0.337 (0.000) | −0.274 (0.000) | |
Contract control |
| −0.220 (0.004) | −0.428 (0.001) | −0.203 (0.010) | −0.153 (0.046) |