Effect

dependent variable

independent variable

Contract control (significant)

Intellectual property investment risk (significant)

Knowledge leakage risk (significant)

Theft risk of intellectual property rights (significant)

Personnel turnover risk (significant)

Standardized direct effect

Basic generic technology capability

0.234 (0.000)

−0.320 (0.000)

−0.181 (0.002)

−0.259 (0.000)

−0.215 (0.000)

Applied generic skills

0.383 (0.000)

−0.231 (0.000)

−0.141 (0.017)

−0.253 (0.000)

−0.311 (0.001)

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

0.284 (0.001)

−0.126 (0.042)

−0.201 (0.001)

−0.280 (0.000)

−0.231 (0.000)

Contract control

−0.220 (0.004)

−0.428 (0.001)

−0.203 (0.010)

−0.153 (0.046)

Standardized indirect effect

Basic generic technology capability

−0.052 (0.002)

−0.100 (0.000)

−0.048 (0.005)

−0.036 (0.029)

Applied generic skills

−0.084 (0.002)

−0.164 (0.000)

−0.078 (0.007)

−0.058 (0.036)

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

−0.063 (0.003)

−0.122 (0.000)

−0.058 (0.007)

−0.043 (0.037)

Contract control

Total effect of standardization

Basic generic technology capability

0.234 (0.000)

−0.371 (0.000)

−0.281 (0.000)

−0.306 (0.000)

−0.251 (0.000)

Applied generic skills

0.383 (0.000)

−0.316 (0.000)

−0.305 (0.001)

−0.331 (0.000)

−0.369 (0.001)

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

0.284 (0.001)

−0.189 (0.002)

−0.322 (0.000)

−0.337 (0.000)

−0.274 (0.000)

Contract control

−0.220 (0.004)

−0.428 (0.001)

−0.203 (0.010)

−0.153 (0.046)