Hypothesis

Estimate

Standardized Estimate

S.E.

C.R.

P

Test results

Contract control

<---

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

0.358

0.284

0.074

4.866

***

Forming

Contract control

<---

Applied generic skills

0.294

0.383

0.046

6.409

***

Forming

Contract control

<---

Basic generic technology capability

0.190

0.234

0.045

4.192

***

Forming

H1a

Personnel turnover risk

<---

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

−0.429

−0.231

0.115

−3.727

***

Forming

H1b

Personnel turnover risk

<---

Applied generic skills

−0.353

−0.311

0.075

−4.730

***

Forming

H1c

Personnel turnover risk

<---

Basic generic technology capability

−0.258

−0.215

0.069

−3.730

***

Forming

H2a

Theft risks of intellectual property rights

<---

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

−0.591

−0.280

0.124

−4.778

***

Forming

H2b

Theft risks of intellectual property rights

<---

Applied generic skills

−0.325

−0.253

0.078

−4.174

***

Forming

H2c

Theft risks of intellectual property rights

<---

Basic generic technology capability

−0.351

−0.259

0.075

−4.677

***

Forming

H3a

Knowledge leakage risk

<---

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

−0.446

−0.201

0.127

−3.500

***

Forming

H3b

Knowledge leakage risk

<---

Applied generic skills

−0.191

−0.141

0.079

−2.399

0.016

Forming

H3c

Knowledge leakage risk

<---

Basic generic technology capability

−0.258

−0.181

0.078

−3.311

***

Forming

H4a

Intellectual property investment risk

<---

Product development and manufacturing capabilities

−0.214

−0.126

0.102

−2.103

0.035

Forming

H4b

Intellectual property investment risk

<---

Applied generic skills

−0.238

−0.231

0.067

−3.577

***

Forming

H4c

Intellectual property investment risk

<---

Basic generic technology capability

−0.347

−0.320

0.066

−5.270

***

Forming

Personnel turnover risk

<---

Contract control

−0.225

−0.153

0.110

−2.045

0.041

Forming

Theft risks of intellectual property rights

<---

Contract control

−0.340

−0.203

0.118

−2.884

0.004

Forming

Knowledge leakage risk

<---

Contract control

−0.755

−0.428

0.134

−5.651

***

Forming

Intellectual property investment risk

<---

Contract control

−0.296

−0.220

0.100

−2.942

0.003

Forming