Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

No GCO

Yes GCO

p-value§

No GCO

Yes GCO

p-value§

No GCO

Yes GCO

p-value§

No GCO

Yes GCO

p-value§

Auditor gender*

0.80

0.80

0.4849

0.83

0.83

0.4912

0.81

0.87

0.2440

0.85

0.80

0.3093

Auditor quality grade

2.25

3.00

0.1642

3.00

2.00

0.0660

2.00

2.00

0.2511

2.00

2.00

0.3543

Auditor tier*

0.10

0.16

0.2507

0.39

0.27

0.1665

0.29

0.43

0.1025

0.38

0.23

0.0923

Legal entity*

0.20

0.18

0.4379

0.11

0.14

0.3628

0.14

0.22

0.1856

0.21

0.13

0.2194

Working type*

0.65

0.61

0.3853

0.67

0.57

0.2310

0.56

0.70

0.1185

0.54

0.77

0.0261

Number of engagements annually

179.5

145.0

0.2702

212.0

130.0

0.1376

118.0

150.0

0.3836

108.0

150.0

0.2786

Number of hours on engagements

754.0

800.0

0.3262

1003.0

642.0

0.1376

804.0

760.0

0.3066

465.0

805.0

0.0604

Number of hours per engagement

3.25

3.80

0.3262

3.70

3.60

0.4801

3.45

3.60

0.3824

3.40

4.40

0.0059

Auditor age

62.00

61.00

0.3386

60.00

59.00

0.4092

60.00

58.00

0.2483

60.00

58.00

0.2249

Years after auditor exam

25.00

23.00

0.1859

21.50

21.00

0.4332

25.00

24.00

0.4272

24.00

24.00

0.4442

Taxable salary (annual)

28,517

58,011

0.0663

40,137

48,882

0.0651

45,238

52,948

0.1058

51,555

44,303

0.1903

Capital gain (annual)

2248

2071

0.4696

0

2476

0.0651

1591

1782

0.4447

612

541

0.3529

Total salary (annual)

41,806

66,610

0.0663

42,051

55,000

0.0651

46,832

62,770

0.0422

53,603

52,820

0.4583

Number of hours on audit courses

24.50

10.00

0.1292

6.50

0.00

0.4803

0.00

7.00

0.0548

14.00

0.00

0.3529

Compliance: planning

91.45

91.61

0.4774

88.28

90.91

0.1605

88.89

85.16

0.2519

68.75

88.31

0.2786

Compliance: analytical procedure 1

65.32

84.62

0.0663

81.25

72.73

0.1376

78.28

60.27

0.2556

75.00

72.92

0.4583

Compliance: analytical procedure 2

77.47

84.52

0.1040

83.73

73.66

0.0108

77.32

77.78

0.3836

77.32

78.93

0.3608

Compliance: conclusions

91.57

95.83

0.0211

91.90

91.30

0.2822

91.51

88.64

0.4283

91.30

93.19

0.1425