Eloranta, S., Arve, S., Isoaha, H., Aro, I., Kalam-Saliminen, L. & Routasalod, P. Finnish nurses’ perceptions of care of older patients. (2013) [39]	Staff	Explores how far nurses’ perceptions of care take into account preferences of older patients and their families	Finland	Questionnaire (25 item purpose-designed from gerontological nursing literature)	PCC	Barrier Staff reluctance and difficulty in practicing SDM, due to perceived expertise of staff. One third of nurses make decisions on patient care themselves. Staff asked the views of patients less frequently than those of family members.
Hanson, L., Carey, T., Caprio, A., Lee, T., Ersek, M., Garrett, J., Jackman, A., Gilliam, R., Wessell, K., & Mitchell, S. Improving decision-making for feeding options in advanced dementia: A randomised, controlled trial. (2011) [40]	Residents and families	Testing quality of decision making about feeding options using a decision aid	USA	RCT-Questionnaire (Decisional conflict scale administered at 1 and 3 months)	Evidence based information Education	Enabler Evidenced based research, utilising decision aids reduced decisional conflict for families and increased knowledge and communication with care providers about feeding options.
Helgesen, A., Athlin, E., & Larsson, M. Relatives’ participation in everyday care in special care units for persons with dementia. (2015) [41]	Families	To determine relatives participation in everyday care for persons living in dementia specific facilities and factors which influence it	Norway	Questionnaire (Study specific-derived from 2 previous studies by same researcher)	PCC	Barrier Lack of PCC and SDM. Families seldom participated in decisions about everyday care though half perceived their participation was crucial for PCC.
Werner, P. Perceptions regarding the use of physical restraints with elderly persons: comparison of Israeli health care nurses and social workers. (2005) [42]	Staff	To explore the perceptions of health care workers and social workers on the use of physical restraints with elderly people	Israel	Questionnaire (Perception of restraint use questionnaire)	Evidence based information	Enabler Decision support role for mediation between residents and their families and staff member. Both groups perceived EBP to be important, but decision support role could be strengthened. Barrier Evidence abrogated SDM. Moral dilemmas for staff.