Cells

Cell Cycle Phase

REFS

1. 2n/2c

Double strand DNA breakage in S-phase

44, 63, 67, 68, 74, 75

2. 2n/4c

Prolonged repair into late G2 gap

67, 74, 75

3. 2n/4c

No mitosis: No Cyclin B2 and kinase Cdk-1

74, 75

4. 2n/4c

Entry into G1 with cohesed chromatids

current idea

5. 2n/4c

Illegal entry into S-period: re-replication with cohesin download

74, 75, 76, 77, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87

6. 4n/8c

43 diplochromosomes in G2: under-replicated sticky heterochromatic chromosome regions causing inherited slippage chromosome instability (S-CIN)

88, 90, current idea, 89, 91

7. 4n/8c

Primitive two-step meiotic-like division

11, 19, 22, 23, 46, 47

8. Progenies

tetraploid 4n/4C/G1 and fission division of 4n/4C to aneuploid diploid cells with gained fitness

22, 92, 93

9. Chromosome instability (CIN) in cancers

8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 58