Items

Explanation

Source

GIS training

GIS training was measured by the degree of training provided to MOWE’s employees

[31] [33] [34]

Incentives

Incentives are the personal motivations and beliefs about the consequences of using GIS

[34] [40]

Managerial support

Managerial support was measured according to the resources and help provided by the organization’s management

[34] [52]

IT expertise

Employees’ prior IT experience and skills

[6] [34]

Exposure to GIS technology (Computer self-efficacy)

Extent to which employees are comfortable in dealing with GIS and their previous GIS experience.

[34] [46]

Perception toward GIS

Employees’ attitude regarding the use of GIS

[40] [48]

Adoption of GIS

GIS usage

[31] [34] [66]

Efficient decision-making

The efficiency of employees’ own decision-making

[48] [50]

Cost savings

GIS adoption’s effect on cost savings

[40] [51] [52]

Enhanced risk management

Risk management identifies the risks that may occur in the future and try to find solutions to avoid o reduce them [29]

[34] [50] [52]

Improved customer relationships

Connection and communication between employees and customers

[50] [51] [55] [56]