Items | Explanation | Source |
GIS training | GIS training was measured by the degree of training provided to MOWE’s employees | [31] [33] [34] |
Incentives | Incentives are the personal motivations and beliefs about the consequences of using GIS | [34] [40] |
Managerial support | Managerial support was measured according to the resources and help provided by the organization’s management | [34] [52] |
IT expertise | Employees’ prior IT experience and skills | [6] [34] |
Exposure to GIS technology (Computer self-efficacy) | Extent to which employees are comfortable in dealing with GIS and their previous GIS experience. | [34] [46] |
Perception toward GIS | Employees’ attitude regarding the use of GIS | [40] [48] |
Adoption of GIS | GIS usage | [31] [34] [66] |
Efficient decision-making | The efficiency of employees’ own decision-making | [48] [50] |
Cost savings | GIS adoption’s effect on cost savings | [40] [51] [52] |
Enhanced risk management | Risk management identifies the risks that may occur in the future and try to find solutions to avoid o reduce them [29] | [34] [50] [52] |
Improved customer relationships | Connection and communication between employees and customers | [50] [51] [55] [56] |