| Grain | Meat | Fish | Eggs | Milk | Beans | Green and yellow vegetables | Light-colored vegetables | Fruit | Oil | Sugar | Mean ± SD | |||
| Early pregnancy | GDM | Mean | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.1 |
| n = 7 | SD | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | |
| Non-GDM | Mean | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.9 | |
| n = 12 | SD | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.4 | |
| NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | |||
| Mid- pregnancy | GDM | Mean | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
| n = 7 | SD | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.5 | |
| Non-GDM | Mean | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 | |
| n = 12 | SD | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | |
| NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
| Late pregnancy | GDM | Mean | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.1 |
| n = 7 | SD | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | |
| Non-GDM | Mean | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 1.2 | |
| n = 8 | SD | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.4 | |
| NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |