Group PP

−2.4023***

0.0081

−4.4235***

0.0000

Group ADF

−3.1413***

0.0008

−5.0387***

0.0000

Within

Within

East

Africa

Panel v

−1.7242**

0.0423

0.1265

0.4497

Panel rho

−0.1994

0.4210

−1.4663*

0.0713

Panel PP

−3.3320***

0.0004

−3.3657***

0.0004

Panel ADF

−2.7667***

0.0028

−2.7474***

0.0030

Between

Between

Group rho

0.6432

0.2601

−0.6075

0.2718

Group PP

−3.0491***

0.0011

−3.7830***

0.0001

Group ADF

−2.2808**

0.0113

−2.8617***

0.0021