Panels

Different steps of the test

Nature panel

Specification

Hypothesis

Stat. Fisher

P-value

Central

Africa

H 0 1 : α i = α ;

β i = β Math_24#

F1 = 2.3829

P1 = 2.97e−06

Partially homogeneous

Y i t = α i + X i t β + ε i t

Effect model

individual

H 0 2 : β i = β

i

F2 = 1.1782

P2 = 0.20106

H 0 3 : α i = α

i

F3 = 2.3778

P3 = 1.08e−15

West

Africa

H 0 1 : α i = α

β i = β

F1 = 1.755

P1 = 0.0003

Partially homogeneous

Y i t = α i + X i t β + ε i t

Effect model

individual

H 0 2 : β i = β

i

F2 = 1.313

P2 = 0.0656

H 0 3 : α i = α

i

F3 = 3.728

P3 = 7.61e−06

Southern

Africa

H 0 1 : α i = α

β i = β

F1 = 7.562

P1 = 2.14e−20

Partially homogeneous

Y i t = α i + X i t β + ε i t

Effect model

individual

H 0 2 : β i = β

i

F2 = 3.948

P2 = 0.0412

H 0 3 : α i = α

i

F3 = 16.260

P3 = 1.72e−16

East

Africa

H 0 1 : α i = α

β i = β

F1 = 4.182

P1 = 3.75e−07

Partially homogeneous

Y i t = α i + X i t β + ε i t

Effect model

individual

H 0 2 : β i = β

i

F2 = 2.776

P2 = 0.0721

H 0 3 : α i = α

i

F3 = 8.476

P3 = 5.33e−06