Panel Regression Analysis

Variables

Arithmetic Score 2000

Arithmetic Score 2004

Arithmetic Score 2012

reading

Score 2000

reading

Score 2004

reading Score 2012

Teacher Numbers and Pupil-Teacher Ratio

Total Teachers

−19.64***

(3.573)

1.734***

(0.509)

0.835

(0.625)

−22.6***

(3.918)

85.34***

(15.36)

1.297

(1.067)

Pupil-teacher ratio

1.225**

(0.513)

−1.74***

(0.181)

−1.02***

(0.269)

1.12**

(0.545)

−1.79***

(0.449)

−1.32***

(0.312)

Teacher Experience

No experience

24.01***

(3.827)

−5.84

(51.95)

0.324

(0.761)

27.3***

(4.197)

−74.3***

15.44)

1.375

(1.15)

Less than 1 year

11.72**

(4.825)

−5.206

(52.63)

1.23

(0.888)

16.3***

(5.291)

−87.7***

(15.99)

3.88***

(1.302)

At least 1 year

21.46***

(3.529)

−6.98

(53.3)

−3.92***

(1.304)

11.5***

(1.3)

−98.0***

(16.39)

−2.88***

(1.074)

At least 2 years

1.888***

(0.155)

−0.0174

(51.59)

4.329

(0.662)

22.8***

(4.037)

−81.2***

(15.35)

2.298**

(1.078)

At least 3 years

7.199***

(0.761)

−5.184

(51.63)

1.738***

(0.578)

28.1***

(−4.163)

−86.1***

(15.28)

1.213

(1.355)

More than 3 years

21.52***

(2.849)

16.85

(54.36)

1.929*

(0.988)

42.9***

(7.066)

−82.1***

(17.85)

3.941***

(1.31)

Teacher Qualification

Teacher with primary education

137.0***

(51.48)

34.13

(55.67)

−7.21***

(2.5)

156.6***

(55.45)

77.43

(51.6)

−6.6**

(3.02)

Teacher with secondary education

137.4***

(51.46)

39.19

(55.46)

0

(0)

157.4***

(55.43)

81.56

(51.4)

−0.005

(3.59)

Teacher with Tertiary education

135.7***

(51.49)

39.48

(55.42)

8.190***

(3.011)

155.7***

(55.44)

81.7

(51.4)

0

(0)

Teacher Abseentism

−24.82

(26.04)

−19.51

(19.3)

20.32

(16.67)

−23.01

(24.16)

−26.28

(17.9)

13.29

(14.9)

Teacher Laziness

−20.11

(12.02)

−4.82

(10.33)

6.978

(14.79)

−16.83

(11.8)

−4.996

(9.59)

10.1

(13.6)