| Author | Study title | Methodology | Results |
| Mizala & Romaguera [48] | School performance and Choice: The children Experience | OLS and TSLS | · Incentives by the voucher system are akin to public rather than private schools in the Chilean education system · The parents’ education did not relate positively to the child’s performance because it was facilitated by the voucher system · Despite the fact that government funding to households depended on school type, test scores gained were more equal among children from households of all socio-economic classes |
| Cameron and Heckman [49] | The Dynamics of educational attainment for Black, Hispanic and White males | Ordered choice model (outcomes depended on innate capacity and household background factors. | · From the analysis, the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) type test scores were used as a control variable for the ability of knowledge achieved vis-a-vis level of investment · Coefficients for the two control variables had a significant effect on the inmates’ educational attainment · Educational investment ratios with respect to school type and race were not factored in the model which was a verifiable gap, thus could not establish whether differentiated race and government investment had any effect on the scores attained among the inmates |
| Abt Associates [50] | Evaluation of the expanded learning time initiatives | linear regression models | · Quality of education was depended on school inputs such as teacher characteristics and student socio-economic characteristics respectively · The study did not provide a clear relationship between households’ socio-economic characteristics as well as children’s education results |
| Bold, et al., [22] | Why did abolishing fees not increase public school enrolment in Kenya | OLS | · Demand for education especially in public schools increased with the introduction of incentives programmes · Quality of education in Kenya schools was based on KCPE results which were poor compared to increasing enrolment rate and attitude of school administrators · The study included household income and not government expenditure on enrolment and quality of education |