| Lag Firm stock perf. | 1.396*** | 0.563* | 0.317** | 0.119 |
| *Financial Crisis | (0.315) | (0.300) | (0.160) | (0.215) |
| Lag S&P perf. | −0.861*** | −0.271 | 0.0974 | −0.0299 |
|
| (0.273) | (0.261) | (0.137) | (0.185) |
| Time trend | −0.0393 | −0.189*** | 0.0574*** | 0.0963*** |
|
| (0.0388) | (0.0370) | (0.0197) | (0.0264) |
| Constant | 5.232*** | 5.578*** | 5.008*** | 5.805*** |
|
| (0.905) | (0.855) | (0.709) | (0.817) |
| Industry effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 769 | 769 | 786 | 785 |
| R-squared | 0.207 | 0.257 | 0.322 | 0.256 |
| Number of entities | 113 | 113 | 115 | 115 |