Parents/

Participants

Hearing Status

Language at Home

Educational Level/Placement

Jose*

Deaf

Primary: American Sign/Sim-Com

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

Third: Minimal Spoken/Written Spanish

High School Graduate

Mainstreamed

Ana*

Deaf

Primary: American Sign/Sim-Com

Secondary: Moderate Spoken/Written English

High School Graduate

Mainstreamed

Lorena*

Hearing

Primary: Spoken/Written Spanish

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

N/A

Public School

Xavier*

Deaf

Primary: American Sign

Secondary: Written English/

Minimal Spoken English

Attended College

Mainstreamed

Kiara

Hard of Hearing

Primary: American Sign

Secondary: Written English/

Moderate Spoken English

Mainstreamed

Carlos*

Hearing

Primary: Spoken/Written Spanish

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

College and High School Graduate in Mexico

Isabella

Hearing

Primary: Spoken/Written Spanish

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

Immigrated from Argentina

Irina*

Deaf

Primary: Ukrainian Sign

Secondary: Written Ukrainian/

Minimal Spoken Ukrainian

Third: Moderate Russian Sign

Fourth: Minimal Spoken/Written Russian

Fifth: Moderate American Sign

Sixth: Moderate Written English/

Minimal Spoken English

High School Graduate in Ukraine

School for the Deaf

Dima

Deaf

Primary: Ukrainian Sign

Secondary: Written Ukrainian/

Minimal Spoken Ukrainian

Third: Moderate Russian Sign

Fourth: Minimal Spoken/Written Russian

Fifth: Moderate American Sign

Sixth: Moderate Written English/

Minimal Spoken English

High School Graduate in Ukraine

School for the Deaf

Julia*

Hearing

(CODA)

Primary: American Sign

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

High School Graduate

Biological Father

Hearing

Primary: Spoken/Written Spanish

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

High School Graduate in Colombia

Stepfather

Hearing

(CODA)

Primary: American Sign

Secondary: Spoken/Written English

College Graduate

High School