Scale name | Item number | Cronbach α | Sample item |
Help-seeking | 2 | 0.74 | “I ask the teacher to help me to solve the problem” |
Brief attentional relaxation | 3 | 0.60 | “I put down my pen a few seconds and stretch my arms” |
Task-utility self-persuasion | 2 | 0.70 | “Even if I do not like solving math problems, I tell myself that it is important to do so in order to be able to understand them and thereby to succeed” |
Emotion expression | 2 | 0.65 | “I tell my neighbor that the problem makes me angry, sad, hopeless, or bored” |
Negative self-talk | 3 | 0.77 | “I tell myself that it is terrible not being able to solve the problem and that I am sure that it only happens to me” |
Dysfunctional avoidance | 2 | 0.66 | “In order not to experience an unpleasant moment, I tell myself that I will solve the problem later” |