Scale name

Item number

Cronbach α

Sample item

Help-seeking

2

0.74

“I ask the teacher to help me to solve the problem”

Brief attentional relaxation

3

0.60

“I put down my pen a few seconds and stretch my arms”

Task-utility self-persuasion

2

0.70

“Even if I do not like solving math problems, I tell myself that it is important to do so in order to be able to understand them and thereby to succeed”

Emotion expression

2

0.65

“I tell my neighbor that the problem makes me angry, sad, hopeless, or bored”

Negative self-talk

3

0.77

“I tell myself that it is terrible not being able to solve the problem and that I am sure that it only happens to me”

Dysfunctional avoidance

2

0.66

“In order not to experience an unpleasant moment, I tell myself that I will solve the problem later”