14

Mueller and Dweck (1998)

Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children's Motivation and Performance

Student

Study 1: N = 128 (M = 58, F = 70); Study 2: N = 51 (M = 25, F = 26); Study 3: N = 88 (M = 40, F = 48); Study 4: N = 51 (M = 22, F = 29); Study 5: N = 46 (M = 20, F = 26); Study 6: N = 48 (M = 25, F = 23)

E （USA）

SPM

ANOVA, T-t, Chi-s A.

Cause

15

Robins and Pals (2002)

Implicit Self-Theories in the Academic Domain: Implications for Goal Orientation, Attributions, Affect, and Self-Esteem Change

Student

N = 508 (M = 224, F = 284)

U (USA)

Q

FA & RA & PMA

No

16

Romero, Master, Paunesku, Dweck, and Gross (2014)

Academic and Emotional Functioning in Middle School: The Role of Implicit Theories

Student

N = 115 (M = 48, F = 67)

M (USA)

Q

HLM

Cause

17

Zeng, Hou, and Peng (2016)

Effect of Growth Mindset on School Engagement and Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Primary and Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Student

N = 1260 (M = 658, F = 602)

E & M (China)

Q

SEM

Cause