Characteristic

Total n (%)

Nephropathy

n (%)

No Nephropathy n (%)

RR

CI

p-Value

Severity of Immunosuppression

Baseline WHO Stage

1

633 (32.3)

18 (19.6)

615 (33.0)

0.51

0.31 - 0.84

0.01

2

505 (25.8)

20 (21.7)

485 (26.0)

0.8

0.49 - 1.29

0.36

3

638 (32.6)

42 (45.7)

596 (31.9)

1.74

1.17 - 2.59

0.01

4

182 (9.3)

12 (13.0)

170 (9.1)

1.46

0.81 - 2.63

0.2

Baseline CD4 Count (cells/µL)-Median (IQR)

212

(112 - 333)

210 (162)

243 (174)

0.04

Opportunistic Infections

Cryptococcal Meningitis

34 (1.7)

3 (3.2)

31 (1.6)

1.91

0.64 - 5.74

0.25

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

332 (16.7)

34 (36.6)

298 (15.7)

2.87

1.91 - 4.30

<0.01

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

110 (5.5)

10 (10.8)

100 (5.3)

2.05

1.10 - 3.85

0.02

Oesophageal Candidiasis

81 (4.1)

9 (9.7)

72 (3.8)

2.53

1.31 - 4.83

<0.01

Other AIDS Defining Conditions

Severe Weight Loss

33 (1.7)

1 (1.1)

32 (1.7)

0.64

0.09 - 4.48

0.65

HIV Wasting Syndrome

58 (2.9)

9 (9.7)

49 (2.6)

3.56

1.89 - 6.73

<0.01

Kaposi Sarcoma

15 (0.8)

1 (1.1)

14 (0.7)

1.43

0.21 - 9.59

0.72

Comorbidities

Diabetes mellitus

28 (1.4)

6 (6.5)

22 (1.2)

4.82

2.3 - 10.1

<0.01

Hypertension

231 (11.6)

20 (21.5)

211 (11.2)

2.08

1.29 - 3.34

<0.01