Stage and conditions

Concentration of chemicals

Sesitization

12 g/l SnCl₂-2H₂O

5 min, 10 min & 15 min at room temperature

40 ml/l HCl

Activation

0.2 g/l PdCl₂

5 min, 10 min & 15 min at room temperature

2.5 m/l HCl

Metallization

10 g/l CuSO₄-5H₂O

Multiple conditions tested

45 g/l EDTA

40˚C and 50˚C

20 g/l NaCOOH

pH 12 and pH 13

16 ml/l HCHO 36%

2 min - 20 min

NaOH for adjusting pH