| Perspectives | levels | Independent variables | Dependent variables | literatures |
| Spillover effect | Nation | Internationalization | Innovation | |
|
| Company | OFDI | Innovation performance | |
| International new venture and marketing theory | Company | Internationalization level | Innovation performance | |
| Sustainability perspective | Industry | Upstream and downstream internationalization export propensity | Environmental innovation | |
| International business theory | Province | IFDI | Regional innovation performance | |
| Social resource | Company | R & D internationalization | Innovation performance | |