(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Lnpatent1

1.023***

(0.150)

0.910***

(0.150)

0.880***

(0.151)

0.783***

(0.157)

0.723***

(0.160)

0.718***

(0.145)

Lnpatent2

0.206***

(0.116)

0.265***

(0.120)

0.217***

(0.116)

0.244***

(0.096)

0.255***

(0.100)

0.203***

(0.110)

lngd

−0.176

(0.199)

−0.110

(0.200)

−0.109

(0.960)

−0.110

(0.186)

−0.110

(0.188)

−0.157

(0.174)

in

0.568**

(0.257)

0.639**

(0.256)

0.670***

(0.258)

0.634**

(0.283)

0.427**

(0.290)

re

0.343*

(0.190)

0.345*

(0.178)

0.402**

(0.203)

0.437**

(0.120)

gdp

0.056***

(0.281)

0.068***

(0.293)

0.080***

(0.319)

tig

−1.114*

(0.862)

−1.580*

(0.945)

lan

1.613*

(0.961)

constant

−6.218*

(3.617)

−8.985**

(3.693)

−8.920**

(3.714)

−8.688**

(3.943)

−7.663**

(4.025)

−6.167**

(3.825)

observations

450

450

450

450

450

450