Binary Logit

Binary probit

No direction

Positive distance

Negative distance

No direction

Positive distance

Negative distance

Dist_insti

−4.134***

(1.474)

−5.032***

(1.695)

−2.244

(10.671)

−2.004***

(0.672)

−2.553***

(0.847)

−3.132

(5.193)

Res_instid

3.455**

(1.491)

4.287**

(1.686)

0.619

(10.845)

1.657**

(0.679)

2.161**

(0.844)

2.309

(5.262)

Experienced

0.185

(0.276)

−0.007

(0.305)

0.976*

(0.555)

0.114

(0.136)

0.008

(0.158)

0.532*

(0.272)

lngdp

0.303***

(0.110)

0.398***

(0.125)

0.114

(0.245)

0.145***

(0.050)

0.207***

(0.063)

0.021

(0.121)

Trade

0.011***

(0.003)

0.013***

(0.003)

−0.010

(0.018)

0.005***

(0.001)

0.007***

(0.002)

−0.008

(0.009)

Raw

−0.006

(0.004)

0.008*

(0.004)

−0.007

(0.033)

−0.003

(0.002)

0.005**

(0.002)

0.003

(0.016)

Inter

0.066***

(0.021)

0.104***

(0.035)

0.016

(0.036)

0.032***

(0.010)

0.053***

(0.018)

0.002

(0.018)

Tech

−0.018**

(0.009)

0.001

(0.012)

−0.064

(0.149)

−0.008*

(0.005)

0.002

(0.006)

−0.062

(0.073)

Ruralp

0.011

(0.009)

0.024**

(0.010)

0.010

(0.015)

0.005

(0.004)

0.012**

(0.005)

0.002

(0.008)

Rate

−0.172**

(0.071)

−0.251***

(0.079)

0.075

(0.192)

−0.088***

(0.034)

−0.129***

(0.041)

−0.002

(0.092)

lndist

0.631**

(0.318)

0.763**

(0.361)

0.468

(0.837)

0.303**

(0.151)

0.393**

(0.192)

0.064

(0.430)

Sector

−0.511***

(0.168)

−0.438**

(0.211)

−0.437

(0.502)

−0.253***

(0.083)

−0.216**

(0.107)

−0.165

(0.251)

_cons

−10.244**

(4.650)

−16.111***

(6.068)

−3.764

(18.172)

−4.653**

(2.167)

−8.234***

(3.168)

2.011

(9.354)

Sample size

2309

1595

714

2309

1595

714

Wald χ²

67.00***

65.29***

37.10***

63.97***

64.25***

34.40***

Loglikely-hood

−618.232

−444.137

−159.866

−619.087

−444.213

−160.114

LR χ²

76.52***

64.97***

37.37***

74.81***

64.82***

36.88***

F statistic

405.59

336.67

32.11

405.59

336.67

32.11