Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
Control variables |
|
|
|
|
Firm size | 0.023 | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.044 |
Firm nature | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.036 |
Firm age | 0.088* | 0.101* | 0.089 | 0.077 |
Independent variables |
|
|
|
|
QM infrastructure practices (IP) |
| 0.240** | 0.245** | 0.224** |
QM core practices (CP) |
| 0.127* | 0.107* | 0.092 |
Moderator variables |
|
|
|
|
Market turbulence (MT) |
|
| 0.179** | 0.135* |
Two-way interactions |
|
|
|
|
MT*IP |
|
|
| 0.224** |
MT*CP |
|
|
| −0.072 |
R2 | 0.085 | 0.230 | 0.468 | 0.547 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.073 | 0.214 | 0.436 | 0.525 |
ΔR2 |
| 0.145** | 0.383** | 0.462** |