Variables | Items | Factor loading | CR | AVE | Cronbach’s α |
Compliance with rules | A1 Under any circumstances I should compliance with rules. | 0.919 |
| 0.685 | 0.827 |
A2 I shouldn’t argue with the referee even I believe he/she has made a mistake | 0.933 | ||||
A3 Committing a tactical foul to win a game is against fair play spirit. | 0.836 | ||||
A4 Aggressive behavior towards opposing players is against fair play spirit. | 0.981 | ||||
A5 Rough play is not justified even if the rival team uses rough play. | 0.773 | ||||
A6 Players should receive permanent bans for certain violent behaviors. | 0.933 | ||||
Respect | B1 The respect for all stakeholders is in the spirit of fair play. | 0.962 | 0.947 | 0.916 | 0.816 |
B2 I should shake hands with my opponents even after losing the game. | 0.852 | ||||
B3 The public expression of negative feelings by athletes should be minimized. | 0.779 | ||||
B4 If accidentally pushes or hits an opposing player, it’s common to apologize | 0.995 | ||||
B5 I should not fight back verbally even if an audience member insults me, | 0.877 | ||||
B6 I will report the situation in a game honestly that might be disadvantageous | 0.910 | ||||
Equal Participation | C1 Having the equal opportunity to attend sports is important for fair play. | 0.807 | 0.815 | 0.799 | 0.854 |
C2 Females should be allowed to participate in all sports male players can. | 0.927 | ||||
C3 Female athletes shouldn’t be paid differently compared to male players. | 0.647 | ||||
C4 Sports including multiple genders simultaneously are fairer. | 0.864 | ||||
C5 It’s unfair having barriers of entry for financially disadvantaged groups | 0.790 | ||||
C6 Players should be provided with the same set of gear to ensure fairness` | 0.927 | ||||
C7 Paralympic Games represents the essential value of fair play. | 0.820 |