Female

Male

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Retirement

−0.075***

−0.069***

−0.089***

−0.074***

(0.03)

(0.03)

(0.02)

(0.03)

Age

−0.016***

−0.016***

−0.008***

−0.008***

(0.00)

(0.00)

(0.00)

(0.00)

Gender

0.0000

−0.0060

−0.011*

−0.010*

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

Education

−0.165***

−0.147***

−0.0050

0.0100

(0.03)

(0.02)

(0.04)

(0.04)

Marriage

−0.011***

−0.011***

−0.009***

−0.012***

(0.00)

(0.00)

(0.00)

(0.00)

Assets

0.052***

0.055***

0.0180

0.0170

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.02)

Health condition

0.0050

0.0020

0.019**

0.017*

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

Number of children alive

0.0000

−0.0020

0.0330

0.0290

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.03)

(0.03)

Number of deceased children

0.015**

0.019***

−0.0100

−0.0120

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.01)

Self-care ability

0.140***

0.148***

0.119***

0.113***

(0.03)

(0.03)

(0.03)

(0.03)

House ownership

1.401***

1.343***

0.964***

1.017***

(0.18)

(0.18)

(0.19)

(0.19)

Annual fixed effects

no

yes

no

yes

Fixed effects of province

no

yes

no

yes

N

2471

2471

2330

2330

R²

0.0580

0.103

0.0360

0.0690