Variables

LLC

IPS

ADF

PP-Fisher

LNGDP

−8.6656

0.77555

70.0251

124.816

(0.0000)**

(0.7810)**

(0.2263)**

(0.0000)**

ΔLNGDP

−23.585

−6.01438

146.28

93.7781

(0.0000)**

(0.0000)**

(0.0000)**

(0.0057)**

LNEDR

−1.36388

3.89141

30.8036

45.0248

(0.0863)**

(1.0000)**

(0.9997)**

(0.9484)**

ΔLNEDR

−24.5886

−9.84071

220.689

235.832

(0.0000)**

(0.0000)**

(0.0000)**

(0.0000)**