Variables | LLC | IPS | ADF | PP-Fisher |
LNGDP | −8.6656 | 0.77555 | 70.0251 | 124.816 |
| (0.0000)** | (0.7810)** | (0.2263)** | (0.0000)** |
ΔLNGDP | −23.585 | −6.01438 | 146.28 | 93.7781 |
| (0.0000)** | (0.0000)** | (0.0000)** | (0.0057)** |
LNEDR | −1.36388 | 3.89141 | 30.8036 | 45.0248 |
| (0.0863)** | (1.0000)** | (0.9997)** | (0.9484)** |
ΔLNEDR | −24.5886 | −9.84071 | 220.689 | 235.832 |
| (0.0000)** | (0.0000)** | (0.0000)** | (0.0000)** |