| 4-part AO C3 fracture | With all soft tissues in place, a 15-mm wedge osteotomy created 20 mm proximal to the articular surface; volar cortex fractured manually; 2nd osteotomy created directly ulnar to the Lister tubercle in sagittal plane; 3rd osteotomy created coronally in the medial fragment; and, then, coronal cut made from fracture site to articular surface of the radius | Pre-load of 100 N; then, cyclical loading (20 N - 230 N), at 2 Hz, for 6000 cycles; finally, load to failure, at 2 mm∙s−1 | 379 ± 146 | Marshall et al. [18] |