(1)

(2)

Roe

Roe

ESG*Inv

−0.0032**

−0.0029*

(−2.0534)

(−1.8540)

ESG

0.0394**

0.0368*

(2.0657)

(1.9007)

Spend

0.0093*

0.0086

(1.7726)

(1.6276)

IPO

0.0037

0.0046

(1.1516)

(1.3415)

SOE

0.0895*

0.1056**

(1.8268)

(2.1131)

Size

0.0258

0.0305

(1.4026)

(1.5708)

Lev

−0.1366**

−0.1233*

(−2.1800)

(−1.9491)

Growth

0.0030

0.0029

(1.1483)

(1.1137)

Share

0.0723

0.0624

(0.5027)

(0.4236)

Asset_turnover

0.0313

0.0460

(0.7752)

(1.0719)

GDP

0.0058

0.0073

(0.9830)

(1.1208)

BM

−0.0134***

−0.0124**

(−2.6455)

(−2.3931)

Constant

−8.1446

−10.0479

(−1.2277)

(−1.4364)

Year fixed effect

N

Y

Industry fixed effect

N

Y

Sample size

21,367

21,367

Adjusted R2

0.0010

0.0012