| Lee et al. 2012 [55] | The study enables us to begin to document the societal impact of sports-based social programmes as valued communication assets. | Survey (221 university students) | Social Functional Economic | Platform: sport offers a context for showing firm’s good citizenship, which, in the long run, promotes business. | Society Firm | 1 |
| Lorgnier and Che-Jen 2014 [88] | Coopetition is an important strategy in sport tourism in business to business networks | Interviews & observation (11 non-profit, for-profit & public organisations) | Economic Functional | Platform: economic and functional values create in coopetition situation. | Firm Sports product | 4 |
| Madichie 2009 [96] | Sport provides a context that extends the understanding of general management strategies in the globalised environment. | Critical analysis of media reports | Functional | Platform: sport provides functional value by elaborating different management strategies in international business. | Firm | 5 |
| Olkkonen 2001 [91] | A firm creates value by exploiting its partner’s networks. | A qualitative case study of a sponsorship arrangement | Symbolic Functional | Platform: Value will be created in networks. | Firm | 4 |
| Pichot et al. 2009 [92] | The study explores how the practice of sports is taken seriously when organisations are reconstructing their human resource policies. | Interviews (14 company decision makers) | Emotional Functional | Platform: collective activities around sport enable emotional and functional value. | Firm | 5 |
| Pritchard et al. 2010 [98] | Fan identification with a sport established through two similar yet distinct psychological processes: affinity and affiliation. Identification can be created when the team’s image is congruent with the fans’ own personality. | Survey (430 university students) | Emotional Symbolic | Platform: team and community serve as platforms for value creation for the fan. Affinity and and affiliation facilitate the process. | Customer Sports product | 4, 6 |
| Reiser et al. 2012 [5] | Sport sponsorship positively impacts stock returns. | The event-study methodology (629 sponsorship deals) | Economic | Economic value is spurred by the investors’ beliefs on the benefits of sponsorship. | Brand Firm | 1, 2 |
| Richelieu and Korai 2012 [53] | Underlies the importance of culture, identity and symbolism while building a sports team brand. | Group & individual interviews (120 university students) | Symbolic | Fans use the symbolic, iconic and indexical dimensions of a brand to define their own identity. | Consumer Brand Sports product | 1 |
| Sheth and Babiak 2010 [131] | Professional managers should embrace a strategic approach to CSR to develop sports businesses. | Survey (237 sport managers) | Emotional Symbolic Functional | Transform: from emotional and symbolic to functional value. | Society Sports product | 3 |
| Smith 2010 [90] | To be successful, sports-city zones need to be planned as such and not merely employed as convenient brands for existing event facilities. | A comparative analysis (four sport schemes) | Social Functional | Platform: sport creates value for marketing city zones. | Society | 1, 4 |