VARIABLES

CASES

N (%)

CONTROLS

N (%)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Gravidity

Primigravida

10 (30.3)

32 (24.2)

4.32 (1.05 - 11.32)

0.01*

Multigravida

Grand-multigravida

14 (42.4)

9 (27.3)

78 (59.1)

22 (16.7)

0.58 (0.22 - 1.50)

0.06 (0.03 - 1.17)

0.18

0.10

Parity

Primiparous

Pauciparous

Multiparous

Grand-multiparous

17 (51.5)

7 (21.2)

4 (12.1)

5 (15.2)

38 (28.8)

64 (48.5)

16 (12.1)

14 (10.6)

3.95 (1.31 - 6.66)

0.17 (0.04 - 0.56)

0.27 (0.03 - 3.81)

3.29 (0.95 - 10.60)

0.04*

<0.001*

0.14

0.05

Inter-gestational age

<24 months

5 (15.2)

26 (19.7)

0.70 (0.21 - 2.06)

0.36

24 - 48 months

>48 months

11 (33.3)

17 (51.5)

44 (33.3)

62 (47.0)

1.63 (0.79 - 6.72)

1.43 (0.49 - 4.72)

0.26

0.36

Type of partner

Former

6 (18.2)

130 (97.7)

0.05 (0.01 - 0.46)

0.01*

New

27 (81.8)

2 (2.3)

8.70 (0.62 - 259.07)

0.10

Duration of exposure to partner’s sperm

<3 months

18 (54.5)

34 (25.8)

3.39 (1.26 - 9.05)

0.01*

≥3 months

15 (45.5)

98 (74.2)

0.23 (0.08 - 0.61)

<0.001*

Symptoms/signs during ANC

Headache

8 (24.2)

66 (50.0)

0.19 (0.07 - 0.52)

0.10

Blurred vision

Epigastric pains

Tinnitus

High blood pressure

Proteinuria during first trimester

11 (33.3)

3 (9.1)

2 (6.1)

8 (24.2)

6 (18.2)

3 (2.3)

19 (14.4)

4 (3.0)

3 (2.3)

1 (0.8)

3.33 (1.83 - 15.90)

0.57 (0.12 - 2.02)

0.22 (0.05 - 1.99)

6.19 (3.78 - 20.07)

2.31 (1.20 - 7.23)

<0.001*

0.31

0.21

<0.001*

0.001*

Past obstetric history

History of pre-eclampsia

9 (27.3)

1 (0.8)

12.63 (4.24 - 72.06)

<0.001*

History of IUGR

History of IUFD

2 (6.1)

6 (18.2)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.5)

Undefined

9.56 (1.53 - 77.03)

-

0.01*

Past medical history

Diabetes mellitus

Cardiopathies

Chronic hypertension

Use of COC

Obesity

Stress

Alcohol consumption

1 (3.0)

0 (0.0)

6 (18.2)

9 (27.3)

6 (18.2)

3 (9.1)

3 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

1 (0.8)

26 (19.7)

26 (19.7)

35 (26.5)

5 (3.8)

Undefined

Undefined

2.63 (1.24 - 62.06)

1.65 (0.60 - 4.36)

0.89 (0.29 - 2.51)

0.24 (0.05 - 0.82)

2.83 (0.32 - 19.99)

-

-

<0.001*

0.22

0.53

0.06

0.26

Paternal family history

Diabetes mellitus

8 (24.2)

70 (53.0)

0.15 (0.05 - 0.41)

0.07

Hypertension

Obesity

17 (51.5)

2 (6.1)

18 (13.6)

0 (0.0)

4.67 (1.70 - 12.69)

Undefined

<0.001*

-

Maternal family history

Diabetes mellitus

4 (12.1)

27 (20.3)

0.5 (0.14 - 1.57)

0.19

Pre-eclampsia

Chronic hypertension

Gestational hypertension

16 (48.5)

5 (15.1)

1 (3.0)

5 (3.8)

56 (42.4)

0 (0.0)

16.6 (4.73 - 59.71)

0.17 (0.05 - 0.49)

Undefined

<0.001*

0.08

-