VARIABLES | CASES N (%) | CONTROLS N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
Gravidity Primigravida |
10 (30.3) |
32 (24.2) |
4.32 (1.05 - 11.32) |
0.01* |
Multigravida Grand-multigravida | 14 (42.4) 9 (27.3) | 78 (59.1) 22 (16.7) | 0.58 (0.22 - 1.50) 0.06 (0.03 - 1.17) | 0.18 0.10 |
Parity Primiparous Pauciparous Multiparous Grand-multiparous |
17 (51.5) 7 (21.2) 4 (12.1) 5 (15.2) |
38 (28.8) 64 (48.5) 16 (12.1) 14 (10.6) |
3.95 (1.31 - 6.66) 0.17 (0.04 - 0.56) 0.27 (0.03 - 3.81) 3.29 (0.95 - 10.60) |
0.04* <0.001* 0.14 0.05 |
Inter-gestational age |
|
|
|
|
<24 months | 5 (15.2) | 26 (19.7) | 0.70 (0.21 - 2.06) | 0.36 |
24 - 48 months >48 months | 11 (33.3) 17 (51.5) | 44 (33.3) 62 (47.0) | 1.63 (0.79 - 6.72) 1.43 (0.49 - 4.72) | 0.26 0.36 |
Type of partner |
|
|
|
|
Former | 6 (18.2) | 130 (97.7) | 0.05 (0.01 - 0.46) | 0.01* |
New | 27 (81.8) | 2 (2.3) | 8.70 (0.62 - 259.07) | 0.10 |
Duration of exposure to partner’s sperm |
|
|
| |
<3 months | 18 (54.5) | 34 (25.8) | 3.39 (1.26 - 9.05) | 0.01* |
≥3 months | 15 (45.5) | 98 (74.2) | 0.23 (0.08 - 0.61) | <0.001* |
Symptoms/signs during ANC Headache |
8 (24.2) |
66 (50.0) |
0.19 (0.07 - 0.52) |
0.10 |
Blurred vision Epigastric pains Tinnitus High blood pressure Proteinuria during first trimester | 11 (33.3) 3 (9.1) 2 (6.1) 8 (24.2) 6 (18.2) | 3 (2.3) 19 (14.4) 4 (3.0) 3 (2.3) 1 (0.8) | 3.33 (1.83 - 15.90) 0.57 (0.12 - 2.02) 0.22 (0.05 - 1.99) 6.19 (3.78 - 20.07) 2.31 (1.20 - 7.23) | <0.001* 0.31 0.21 <0.001* 0.001* |
Past obstetric history History of pre-eclampsia |
9 (27.3) |
1 (0.8) |
12.63 (4.24 - 72.06) |
<0.001* |
History of IUGR History of IUFD | 2 (6.1) 6 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) 2 (1.5) | Undefined 9.56 (1.53 - 77.03) | - 0.01* |
Past medical history Diabetes mellitus Cardiopathies Chronic hypertension Use of COC Obesity Stress Alcohol consumption |
1 (3.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (18.2) 9 (27.3) 6 (18.2) 3 (9.1) 3 (9.1) |
0 (0.0) 1 (0.8) 1 (0.8) 26 (19.7) 26 (19.7) 35 (26.5) 5 (3.8) |
Undefined Undefined 2.63 (1.24 - 62.06) 1.65 (0.60 - 4.36) 0.89 (0.29 - 2.51) 0.24 (0.05 - 0.82) 2.83 (0.32 - 19.99) |
- - <0.001* 0.22 0.53 0.06 0.26 |
Paternal family history |
|
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus | 8 (24.2) | 70 (53.0) | 0.15 (0.05 - 0.41) | 0.07 |
Hypertension Obesity | 17 (51.5) 2 (6.1) | 18 (13.6) 0 (0.0) | 4.67 (1.70 - 12.69) Undefined | <0.001* - |
Maternal family history Diabetes mellitus |
4 (12.1) |
27 (20.3) |
0.5 (0.14 - 1.57) |
0.19 |
Pre-eclampsia Chronic hypertension Gestational hypertension | 16 (48.5) 5 (15.1) 1 (3.0) | 5 (3.8) 56 (42.4) 0 (0.0) | 16.6 (4.73 - 59.71) 0.17 (0.05 - 0.49) Undefined | <0.001* 0.08 - |