| Characteristics |
| Pregnant women | |||
|
| Control | Case | p-value | OR [IC 95%] | |
| Age (years) |
| 28.0 ± 5.8 | 29.7 ± 6.5 | 0.075** |
|
|
| <18 | 3 (3.2) | 3 (3.2) |
| 0.60 [0.10 - 3.46] |
|
| 18 - 34 | 79 (83.2) | 68 (71.6) |
| 0.54 [0.10 - 3.08] |
|
| ≥35 | 13 (13.7) | 24 (25.3) |
| 2.85 [0.325 - 10.49] |
| Residence |
|
|
| 0.362* |
|
|
| Urban | 73 (76.8) | 76 (80.0) |
| 1.21 [0.60 - 2.41] |
|
| Rural | 22 (23.2) | 19 (20.0) |
| 0.83 [0.42 - 1.66] |
| Educational status |
|
|
| 0.513*** |
|
|
| Illiterate. read and write | 13 (13.7) | 8 (8.4) |
| 0.56 [0.19 - 1.62] |
|
| Elementary | 17 (17.9) | 13 (13.7) |
| 1.24 [0.40 - 3.88] |
|
| Secondary | 44 (46.3) | 51 (53.7) |
| 1.88 [0.72 - 4.96] |
|
| university | 21 (22.1) | 23 (24.2) |
| 1.78 [0.62 - 5.14] |
| Marital status |
|
|
| 0.240*** |
|
|
| Single | 4 (4.2) | 6 (6.3) |
| 0.73 [0.24 - 2.20] |
|
| Married | 89 (93.7) | 89 (93.7) |
| 1.36 [0.45 - 4.09] |
|
| Divorced | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| - |
| Occupational status |
|
|
| 0.096*** |
|
|
| housewife | 56 (58.9) | 46 (48.4) |
| 0.41 [0.12 - 1.45] |
|
| Employee | 4 (4.2) | 15 (15.8) |
| 1.75 [0.34 - 8.98] |
|
| Pupil/student | 5 (5.3) | 5 (5.3) |
| 0.50 [0.09 - 2.81] |
|
| Merchant | 6 (6.3) | 4 (4.2) |
| 0.33 [0.06 - 1.91] |
|
| Resourcefulness | 20 (21.1) | 17 (17.9) |
| 0.43 [0.11 - 1.66] |
|
| Others | 4 (4.2) | 8 (8.4) |
| 1.22 [0.33 - 4.47] |
| Total |
| 95 | 95 |
|
|