Parameters

Non-GDM

(n = 11,009)

GDM

(n = 2552)

Maternal delivery age (y)

28.04 ± 4.09

29.73 ± 4.40*

BMI pre-pregnancy (kg/m²)

21.32 ± 3.35

22.55 ± 3.86*

1st trimester FPG (mmol/L)

4.66 ± 0.41

4.96 ± 0.46*

Family history (n [%])

1367 (12.4)

549 (21.5)*