Variables

Positive outcome

Negative outcome

Odds ratio (95%CI) P value

Relative Risk (95%CI) P value

Polyhydramnios

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

13

17

1110

376

3.8 (1.9 - 8.0) 0.0003*

3.7 (1.8 - 7.6) 0.0003*

Cesarean delivery

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

238

124

885

269

1.7 (1.3 - 2.2) 0.0001*

1.4 (1.2 - 1.8) 0.0001*

Fetal macrosomia

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

5

11

1118

382

6.4 (2.2 - 18.6) 0.0006*

6.3 (2.2 - 17.9) 0.0006*

Fetal anomalies

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

4

9

1119

384

6.5 (2.0 - 21.4) 0.001*

6.4 (1.9 - 20.7) 0.001*

Intrauterine fetal death

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

3

9

1120

384

8.7 (2.3 - 32.5) 0.001*

8.6 (2.3 - 31.5) 0.001*

Neonatal death

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

2

8

1121

385

11.6 (2.4 - 55.0) 0.002*

11.4 (2.4 - 53.5) 0.002*

NICU admission

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

24

25

1099

368

3.1 (1.75 - 5.5) 0.0001*

2.9 (1.7 - 5.1) 0.0001*

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

12

15

1111

378

3.7 (1.7 - 7.9) 0.0009*

3.6 (1.7 - 7.5) 0.0009*

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

23

24

1100

369

3.1 (1.7 - 5.5) 0.0001*

2.9 (1.7 - 5.2) 0.0001*

Neonatal hypoglycemia

Controlled GDM

Uncontrolled GDM

15

18

1108

375

3.5 (1.7 - 7.1) 0.0004*

3.4 (1.7 - 6.7) 0.0003*