Variables

Controlled GDM (1123 women)

Uncontrolled GDM (393 women)

P value (95% Confidence Interval)

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l)

Mean ± SD

5.8 ± 6.8

7.6 ± 6.1

0.005*

(−2.5, −1.8, −1.1)

Pre-prandial glucose (mmol/l)

Mean ± SD

6.2 ± 2.9

8.3 ± 2.2

0.04*

(−2.4, −2.1, −1.8)

Postprandial glucose (mmol/l)

Mean ± SD

9.2 ± 3.6

10.5 ± 3.1

0.0002*

(−1.7, −1.3, −0.9)

Fructosamine (µmol/l)

Mean ± SD

337.4 ± 132

462.5 ± 119

0.007*

(−139.2, −125.1, −111)

HbA1c (%)

Mean ± SD

7.2 ± 6.6

8.4 ± 5.8

0.001*

(−1.9, −1.2, −0.5)

Polyhydramnios

Number (%)

13 (1.16%)

17 (4.3%)

0.0001*

Vaginal deliveries

Number (%)

885 (78.8%)

269 (68.4%)

0.1

Cesarean deliveries

Number (%)

238 (21.2%)

124 (31.6%)

0.001*

Fetal macrosomia

Number (%)

5 (0.45%)

11 (2.8%)

0.0001*

Fetal anomalies

Number (%)

4 (0.36%)

9 (2.29%)

0.0004*

Intrauterine fetal death

Number (%)

3 (0.27%)

9 (2.29%)

0.0001*

Neonatal death

Number (%)

2 (0.18%)

8 (2.04%)

0.001*

NICU admission

Number (%)

24 (2.14%)

25 (6.36%)

0.0001*

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Number (%)

12 (1.07%)

15 (3.05%)

0.0005*

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Number (%)

23 (2.05%)

24 (6.1%)

0.0001*

Neonatal hypoglycemia

Number (%)

15 (1.34%)

18 (4.58%)

0.0002*