BRAIN

Definitions

Eye

Definitions

Intra-cranial calcifications

Cerebral atrophy

Corpus Callosum abnormalities

Cerebellar abnormalities

1) Microphthalmia

2) Anophthalmia

3) Coloboma

4) Cataract

5) Intraocular calcifications

1) Abnormally small

2) Absence of one or both eyes

3) Part of the eye does not form due to failure of fusion of an embryonic feature called intraocular fissure

4) Clouding of lens of the eye

1) Porencephaly

2) Hydranencephaly

3) Ventriculomegaly

1) Cysts/cavities within cerebral hemisphere

2) Fluid in brain

3) Dilated lateral ventricles

Chorioretinal anomalies

Abnormal cortical formation:

1) Polymicrogyria

2) Lissencephaly

3) Pachygyria

4) Schizencephaly

5) Grey Matter heterotopia

1) Multiple small gyri (microgyri) creating excessive folding of the brain leading to an abnormally thick cortex.

2) Smooth brain—caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation resulting in a lack of development of brain folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci).

3) Abnormal migration of nerve cells (neurons) in the developing brain and nervous system: few gyri (the ridges between the wrinkles in the brain), and they are usually broad and flat.

4) Abnormal slits or clefts in the cerebral hemispheres

5) Clumps of gray matter (nodules of neurons) located in the wrong part of the brain.