Dimensions of Accounting

Formulas describing income measurement

One Dimension

$Income=\Delta E=\Delta A-\Delta D$

Two Dimensions

$I=\Delta E/\Delta t=Q_s-Q_k=S/\Delta t-K/\Delta t$ where: I—average value of economic momentum, Q—flow rate, S—total sales, K—total costs, ∆t—number of sub periods in accounting period.

$Income=\Delta E=I\times \Delta t=S-K$

Three Dimensions

$F=\Delta I/\Delta t={\Delta }^{2}E/\Delta t^2=Q_s/\Delta t-Q_k/\Delta t$ where F—elementary economic force causing change of momentum.

$Income=\Delta E=I\times \Delta t+\sum$ (impulses caused by force actions)