Subscales

n of Items

Cronbach’s α

Sample Items

1) Personal competence

8

.88

“When things look hopeless, I don’t give up”

2) Tolerance of negative affect

7

.84

“Under pressure, I focus and think clearly”

3) Positive acceptance of change/Secure relationships

5

.86

“I tend to bounce back after illness or hardship”

4) Control

3

.70

“I have a strong sense of purpose”

5) Spiritual influences

2

.74

“Things happen for a reason”