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| Cognitive learning outcomes | |||||||
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| Scientific literacy | Mathematical literacy | Reading literacy | Collaborative problem-solving | ||||
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| B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI |
| Age | 14.73** | 6.17; 23.30 | 11.15** | 4.24; 18.05 | 15.72*** | 8.17; 23.26 | 16.80*** | 8.48; 25.11 |
| Gender1 | −15.45*** | −20.32; −10.57 | −3.01* | −6.94; 0.92 | −41.43*** | −45.75; −37.11 | −45.68*** | −50.46; −40.90 |
| Early childhood education and care |
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| Preschool at 6 years of age2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Preschool at 6 years of age and early childhood education started in 3 - 5 years of age | −4.05 | −10.65; 2.55 | 1.13 | −4.19; 6.45 | −3.75 | −9.56; 2.06 | −2.34 | −8.74; 4.07 |
| Preschool at 6 years of age and early childhood care started before 3 years of age | 0.32 | −8.43; 9.06 | 4.60 | −2.45; 11.65 | 3.07 | −4.63; 10.77 | 0.85 | −7.64; 9.34 |
| Index of ESCS | 34.10*** | 26.28; 41.92 | 33.18*** | 26.87; 39.50 | 31.94*** | 25.05; 38.84 | 29.78*** | 22.18; 37.38 |
| Index of ESCS*Early childhood education and care |
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| Index of ESCS*Preschool at 6 years of age2 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Index of ESCS*Preschool at 6 years of age and early childhood education started in 3 - 5 years of age | 3.85 | −5.01; 12.71 | 0.57 | −6.57; 7.72 | 2.75 | −5.05; 10.55 | −0.78 | −9.38; 7.82 |
| Index of ESCS*Preschool at 6 years of age and early childhood care started before 3 years of age | 11.29* | 0.15; 22.44 | 8.89 | −0.093; 17.88 | 5.22 | −4.59; 15.03 | 3.35 | −7.47; 14.16 |