Preventive Actions

Exacerbating Actions

Monitor air quality

Avoid going out

Wear mask outdoors

Spend time in countryside

Use a/c

Open windows in traffic

Better open windows

Open windows to cool

# hours ventilate home

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Air Quality

−0.112

−0.233

−0.190

−0.052

0.223

−0.015

−0.184

−0.206

0.159

0–poor, 10–good quality

(0.165)

(0.133)*

(0.230)

(0.093)

(0.114)*

(0.089)

(0.096)*

(0.087)**

(0.070)**

Susceptibility

−0.063

0.047

0.212

0.030

0.144

−0.098

0.061

0.062

0.018

agree pollution leads to health problems

(0.135)

(0.109)

(0.255)

(0.081)

(0.083)*

(0.084)

(0.084)

(0.074)

(0.079)

Self-efficacy

0.018

0.068

0.018

0.264

0.019

−0.107

0.021

−0.010

−0.058

can prevent health effects of pollution

(0.143)

(0.106)

(0.205)

(0.100)***

(0.102)

(0.095)

(0.097)

(0.080)

(0.068)

Health Assessment

−0.541

−0.011

−0.090

0.365

0.131

−0.479

0.125

0.247

−0.170

self-evaluation on 0 - 10 scale

(0.310)*

(0.215)

(0.343)

(0.201)*

(0.215)

(0.213)**

(0.198)

(0.179)

(0.144)

Lifestyle

0.959

−0.423

−0.645

0.798

−1.224

1.341

−0.155

−0.064

−0.220

live a healthy lifestyle

(0.947)

(0.654)

(1.028)

(0.533)

(0.620)**

(0.592)**

(0.563)

(0.510)

(0.432)

General Preventive Care

0.826

−0.159

−1.145

−1.234

−0.737

1.309

0.167

0.154

0.068

have regular medical check-up

(0.874)

(0.674)

(1.489)

(0.623)**

(0.611)

(0.642)**

(0.574)

(0.525)

(0.443)

AC at Home

−0.842

−0.007

1.533

−1.494

0.734

−0.062

(0.639)

(0.523)

(0.556)***

(0.585)**

(0.481)

(0.397)

Bus Use

0.324

−0.571

0.258

−0.262

use bus most (1) to least (6) frequently

(0.222)

(0.530)

(0.185)

(0.183)

Flexible Commute

0.493

−0.123

1–never, 4–often

(0.283)*

(0.254)

Income

0.214

−0.438

0.292

−0.814

−0.385

0.452

−0.034

0.679

−0.275

7 ordered categories

(0.656)

(0.522)

(0.842)

(0.448)*

(0.460)

(0.417)

(0.421)

(0.398)*

(0.315)

Age

−0.249

0.011

−0.264

−0.082

0.235

−0.360

0.589

0.130

0.121

5 ordered categories

(0.394)

(0.315)

(0.525)

(0.222)

(0.242)

(0.233)

(0.230)**

(0.212)

(0.176)

Gender

0.090

0.041

−1.725

−0.230

−0.846

−0.488

−1.242

0.527

−0.798

female = 1

(0.949)

(0.728)

(1.133)

(0.598)

(0.646)

(0.630)

(0.596)**

(0.534)

(0.455)*

Level of Education

0.124

−0.401

0.787

0.204

0.128

−0.253

0.008

0.150

−0.074

6 ordered categories

(0.487)

(0.359)

(0.890)

(0.329)

(0.329)

(0.357)

(0.310)

(0.285)

(0.242)

Const.

0.829

0.375

−4.267

−3.590

−1.909

6.655

−1.286

−4.377

6.371

(3.665)

(2.890)

(5.794)

(2.462)

(2.665)

(2.798)**

(2.468)

(2.222)**

(1.775)***

Pseudo R²

0.090

0.176

0.181

0.201

0.214

0.170

0.206

0.121

0.138

Obs.

91

89

89

89

84

89

91

91

83