Turbulence model

Low-Re-type k-e model (Abe-Kondoh-Nagano model)

Mesh

1,913,914 meshes (wall unit y⁺ < 1)

Scheme

Convection term: second-order upwind

Inflow boundary

(room model)

Case 1: U_in = 0.2 m/s, k_in = 3/2(0.1U_in)², , C_μ = 0.09, l_in = 0.02 m

Case 2: U_in = 0 m/s

C_in = 0

Outflow boundary

(room model)

U_out = free slip, k_out = free slip, e_out = free slip

C_out = free slip

Inflow boundary

(VHP generator)

U_in = 8.1 m/s, k_in = 3/2(0.1U_in)², , C_μ = 0.09, l_in = 0.02 m

C_in,VHP-g = 1.0

Outflow boundary

(VHP generator)

U_out = free slip, k_out = free slip, e_out = free slip

C_out,VHP-g = free slip

Wall treatment

Velocity, no-slip

VHP, deposition flux model in Equation (6)

VHP

Passive scalar (turbulent Schmidt number σ_t = 1.0)